{"id":7605,"date":"2022-10-02T18:38:39","date_gmt":"2022-10-02T16:38:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/?p=7605"},"modified":"2024-10-06T20:15:06","modified_gmt":"2024-10-06T18:15:06","slug":"le-mystere-des-trous-noirs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/index.php\/2022\/10\/02\/le-mystere-des-trous-noirs\/","title":{"rendered":"Le myst\u00e8re des trous noirs"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Depuis l&rsquo;\u00e9nonc\u00e9 de la th\u00e9orie de myst\u00e9rieux trous noirs dans l&rsquo;Espace en 1939, ces derniers suscitent la curiosit\u00e9 et de folles hypoth\u00e8ses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour mieux comprendre cet engouement, remontons le temps :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 57%\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background\">2024 : D\u00e9couverte du trou noir le plus massif de notre galaxie<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u00ab\u00a0Nous avons d\u00e9couvert (02\/02\/24) le trou noir \u00e0 la croissance la plus rapide connue \u00e0 ce jour. Il a une masse de 17\u00a0milliards de soleils et \u201cmange\u201d un peu plus d\u2019un soleil par jour\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>, a expliqu\u00e9 Christian Wolf, astronome \u00e0 l\u2019Australian National University (ANU).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Invisible par d\u00e9finition, un trou noir supermassif illumine par son activit\u00e9 le noyau de la galaxie qui l\u2019abrite. On appelle ce noyau un quasar, et celui observ\u00e9 par le Very Large Telescope (VLT) de l\u2019ESO, situ\u00e9 au Chili, est\u00a0<em>\u00ab\u00a0l\u2019objet connu le plus lumineux de l\u2019Univers\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"556\" height=\"345\" src=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10468 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-12.png 556w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-12-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-12-520x323.png 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 556px) 100vw, 556px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background\">2022 : Premi\u00e8re sonification d&rsquo;un trou noir<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-4-3 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Data Sonification: Black Hole at the Center of the Perseus Galaxy Cluster (X-ray)\" width=\"1170\" height=\"878\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ioR5np1fmEc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Au centre de l\u2019amas de Pers\u00e9e, la galaxie g\u00e9ante NGC 1275 abrite un trou noir g\u00e9ant entour\u00e9 de gaz chaud o\u00f9 se propagent des ondes sonores. Lorsqu&rsquo;un gaz est suffisamment chaud, il \u00e9met du rayonnement X qui peut alors \u00eatre d\u00e9tect\u00e9 par le t\u00e9lescope Chandra X-Ray. Ce sont les variations de l\u2019\u00e9mission de rayons X dues \u00e0 ces ondulations sonores qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es et sonifi\u00e9es le 2 mai 2022. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-14-1024x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7606 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-14.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-14-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-14-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-14-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-14-520x520.png 520w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-14-740x740.png 740w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background\">2019 : Premi\u00e8re preuve directe <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color\">Le&nbsp;10 avril 2019, les <strong>premi\u00e8res images d&rsquo;un trou noir<\/strong> sont publi\u00e9es, celle de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M87*\">M87*<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trou_noir_supermassif\">trou noir supermassif<\/a>&nbsp;situ\u00e9 au c\u0153ur de la galaxie&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M87\">M87<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Disque_d%27accr%C3%A9tion\">disque d&rsquo;accr\u00e9tion<\/a>&nbsp;du trou noir&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/M87*\">M87*<\/a>&nbsp;imag\u00e9 par l&rsquo;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Event_Horizon_Telescope\">Event Horizon Telescope<\/a><\/em>. Le trou noir lui-m\u00eame est invisible, au centre de la zone noire centrale.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Puis le&nbsp;12 mai 2022, d&rsquo;autres images proviennent de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sagittarius_A*\">Sagittarius A*<\/a>&nbsp;au centre de notre galaxie. Ces diff\u00e9rentes observations apportent ainsi une confirmation suppl\u00e9mentaire de leur existence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 59%\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background\">2016 : Premi\u00e8re preuve indirecte<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour la premi\u00e8re fois, des vibrations venues de l\u2019espace et d\u2019une \u00e9trange nature ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9tect\u00e9es sur Terre, confirmant une pr\u00e9diction d\u2019Albert Einstein vieille d\u2019un si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces tressautements, baptis\u00e9s <strong>\u00ab ondes gravitationnelles <\/strong>\u00bb, compriment et dilatent \u00e0 la vitesse de la lumi\u00e8re l\u2019espace-temps qui nous entoure, comme le son le fait avec l\u2019air.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La d\u00e9tection de ce premier clapotis cosmique est d\u00e9taill\u00e9e dans la revue&nbsp;<em>Physical Review Letters<\/em>&nbsp;du 11 f\u00e9vrier par l\u2019\u00e9quipe de l\u2019instrument LIGO, aux Etats-Unis, en collaboration avec celles de Virgo, d\u00e9tecteur essentiellement franco-italien et construit pr\u00e8s de Pise, et de GEO600, en Allemagne.<\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"664\" height=\"592\" src=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-15.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7607 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-15.png 664w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-15-300x267.png 300w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/image-15-520x464.png 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 664px) 100vw, 664px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-vimeo wp-block-embed-vimeo\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"CYGNUS X-1: the most massive black hole near to Earth\" src=\"https:\/\/player.vimeo.com\/video\/511469634?dnt=1&amp;app_id=122963\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background\">1971 : Premi\u00e8res r\u00e9ceptions de rayons X provenant d&rsquo;un trou noir<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;essor de la radioastronomie a permis de trouver <a href=\"https:\/\/www.futura-sciences.com\/sciences\/definitions\/etoile-astre-851\/\">un astre<\/a>&nbsp;compact d\u00e9passant la masse limite autoris\u00e9e par l&rsquo;existence d&rsquo;une&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.futura-sciences.com\/sciences\/definitions\/univers-etoile-neutrons-32\/\">\u00e9toile \u00e0 neutrons<\/a>, et qui \u00e9tait en&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.futura-sciences.com\/sciences\/definitions\/univers-orbite-873\/\">orbite<\/a>&nbsp;autour d&rsquo;une&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.futura-sciences.com\/sciences\/definitions\/etoile-etoile-supergeante-34\/\">\u00e9toile superg\u00e9ante<\/a>&nbsp;bleue dans la&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.futura-sciences.com\/sciences\/definitions\/univers-voie-lactee-3729\/\">Voie lact\u00e9e<\/a>&nbsp;en direction de la&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.futura-sciences.com\/sciences\/definitions\/univers-constellation-21\/\">Constellation<\/a>&nbsp;du Cygne. La source tr\u00e8s massive de rayons X d\u00e9tect\u00e9e, et par extension le trou noir et m\u00eame le&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.futura-sciences.com\/tech\/definitions\/informatique-code-binaire-11934\/\">syst\u00e8me binaire<\/a>&nbsp;le contenant, fut appel\u00e9e Cygnus X1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns are-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<p>Le syst\u00e8me binaire comprend un trou noir en orbite autour d&rsquo;une compagne superg\u00e9ante. Une partie du gaz souffl\u00e9 \u00e0 la surface de l&rsquo;\u00e9toile par son fort vent stellaire est captur\u00e9e par le trou noir. Le gaz effectue ensuite une descente en spirale vers le trou noir (formant un disque d&rsquo;accr\u00e9tion).<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"622\" height=\"777\" src=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7629\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-5.png 622w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-5-240x300.png 240w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-5-520x650.png 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 622px) 100vw, 622px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background\">Les th\u00e9ories physiques menant \u00e0 l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se de trous noirs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 28%\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\">1665-1685 : La loi universelle de la gravitation de Isaac Newton<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Selon la loi de la gravitation de Newton, la gravitation n&rsquo;est pas seulement une force exerc\u00e9e par le Soleil sur les plan\u00e8tes, mais tous les objets du cosmos s&rsquo;attirent mutuellement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"729\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-2-729x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7620 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-2-729x1024.png 729w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-2-214x300.png 214w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-2-768x1079.png 768w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-2-520x731.png 520w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-2-740x1040.png 740w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-2.png 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 729px) 100vw, 729px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 28%\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\">1915 : La th\u00e9orie de la relativit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Albert Einstein<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La relativit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale englobe et supplante la th\u00e9orie de la&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loi_universelle_de_la_gravitation\">gravitation universelle<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plus que l&rsquo;\u00e9tude des mouvements des corps et de la gravit\u00e9, l&rsquo;id\u00e9e est que l&rsquo;espace et le temps sont courb\u00e9s par la masse d&rsquo;un objet. Elle \u00e9nonce notamment que la&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gravitation\">gravitation<\/a>&nbsp;n&rsquo;est pas une force, mais la manifestation de la&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Courbure\">courbure<\/a>&nbsp;de l&rsquo;espace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elle pr\u00e9dit des effets absents de la th\u00e9orie newtonienne mais v\u00e9rifi\u00e9s, comme l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Expansion_de_l%27Univers\">expansion de l&rsquo;Univers<\/a>, les&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Onde_gravitationnelle\">ondes gravitationnelles<\/a>&nbsp;et les&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trou_noir\">trous noirs<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"800\" height=\"978\" src=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7619 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-1.png 800w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-1-245x300.png 245w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-1-768x939.png 768w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-1-520x636.png 520w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-1-740x905.png 740w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 29%\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-background\">1916 : Le rayon de Schwarzschild (de la ligne d&rsquo;horizon d&rsquo;un trou noir) de Karl Schwarzschild<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il est le premier \u00e0 avoir trouv\u00e9 une solution aux \u00e9quations gravitationnelles d&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Einstein\">Einstein<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il d\u00e9montra que lors d&rsquo;une&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gravitation\">gravitation<\/a>&nbsp;d&rsquo;une quantit\u00e9 de&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mati%C3%A8re\">mati\u00e8re<\/a>&nbsp;concentr\u00e9e en un point, il appara\u00eet une&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Singularit%C3%A9_gravitationnelle\">singularit\u00e9<\/a>&nbsp; \u00e0 la distance du&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rayon_de_Schwarzschild\">rayon de Schwarzschild<\/a>&nbsp;du centre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(Singularit\u00e9 : zone de taille infime concentr\u00e9e au-del\u00e0 du possible imagin\u00e9 jusque-l\u00e0)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il est aussi le premier \u00e0 avoir d\u00e9crit les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes de courbure des rayons lumineux au voisinage de points gravitationnels, contribuant ainsi \u00e0 fonder la th\u00e9orie du&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trou_noir\">trou noir<\/a> qui sera d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e 50 ans apr\u00e8s sa mort. (La lumi\u00e8re ne peut sortir si elle d\u00e9passe l&rsquo;horizon des \u00e9v\u00e8nements) <\/p>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"805\" height=\"946\" src=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7624 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-4.png 805w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-4-255x300.png 255w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-4-768x903.png 768w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-4-520x611.png 520w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-4-740x870.png 740w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 805px) 100vw, 805px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"391\" height=\"289\" src=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-9.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7635\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-9.png 391w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-9-300x222.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 391px) 100vw, 391px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Documentaire \u00ab\u00a0Myst\u00e9rieux trous noirs\u00a0\u00bb <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Regardez de 10min50s \u00e0 24min37s pour d\u00e9couvrir les th\u00e9ories historiques et l&rsquo;explication de la formation des trous noirs. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"DOCUMENTAIRE ESPACE | NOUVEAUTE 2021\/2022 | Myst\u00e9rieux trous noirs PARTIE (1\/2) ARTE\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7KRFGWkyvUA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>PS : 39min37s \u00e0 40min35s &#8211; L&rsquo;histoire du fameux pari de Stephen Hawkins concernant Cygnus X-1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-background\">Th\u00e9ories actuelles concernant les trous noirs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:38px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:55% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"567\" height=\"336\" src=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-10.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7640 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-10.png 567w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-10-300x178.png 300w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/image-10-520x308.png 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background\">Les trous de ver<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le concept d\u2019un&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.techno-science.net\/glossaire-definition\/Trou-de-ver.html\">trou de ver<\/a>&nbsp;consiste \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.techno-science.net\/glossaire-definition\/Tunnel.html\">tunnel<\/a>&nbsp;(pont Einstein-Rosen) entre la singularit\u00e9 du trou noir et celle du&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.techno-science.net\/definition\/2851.html\">trou blanc<\/a>. Un trou&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.techno-science.net\/glossaire-definition\/Blanc.html\">blanc<\/a>&nbsp;aussi appel\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0fontaine blanche\u00a0\u00bb est la&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.techno-science.net\/glossaire-definition\/Symetrie.html\">sym\u00e9trie<\/a>&nbsp;d\u2019un trou noir. Au lieu d\u2019aspirer toute&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.techno-science.net\/glossaire-definition\/Matiere.html\">mati\u00e8re<\/a>, le trou blanc l\u2019expulse. Il cr\u00e9e, comme son petit fr\u00e8re, une courbure de l\u2019espace-temps et se trouve \u00e0 un&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.techno-science.net\/definition\/2520.html\">point<\/a>&nbsp;diff\u00e9rent de l\u2019univers de notre trou noir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Le trou de ver et le trou blanc n&rsquo;ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 prouv\u00e9s. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Einstein et Rosen proposaient s\u00e9rieusement que les singularit\u00e9s pouvaient mener \u00e0 d&rsquo;autres endroits de l&rsquo;Univers, d&rsquo;autres r\u00e9gions de l&rsquo;espace et du temps. Mais ils ne pensaient pas que les trous de ver soient utilisables car trop instables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette th\u00e9orie a inspir\u00e9 la science fiction : s\u00e9ries Sliders, Stargate SG1, Stargate Atlantis, la BD Universal War One, les films Startrek, Interstellar, les multivers de l&rsquo;univers Marvel&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color has-background\">Vivons-nous dans un trou noir? (th\u00e9orie de Nikodem Pop\u0142awski)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Vivons-nous dans un trou noir ? | 42, la r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 presque tout | ARTE\" width=\"1170\" height=\"658\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/liMycl-WioQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Vive la curiosit\u00e9 !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\"><br><br>Cordialement,<br><br>Mme VERKEST<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"256\" height=\"256\" src=\"https:\/\/evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/logo-edited.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6454\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/logo-edited.png 256w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/logo-edited-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 256px) 100vw, 256px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"height:41px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Sources :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trou_noir#:~:text=Dans%20le%20cadre%20de%20la%20relativit%C3%A9%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale%2C%20un%20trou%20noir,noir%20appel%C3%A9%20rayonnement%20de%20Hawking.\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Trou_noir#:~:text=Dans%20le%20cadre%20de%20la%20relativit%C3%A9%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale%2C%20un%20trou%20noir,noir%20appel%C3%A9%20rayonnement%20de%20Hawking.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/sciences\/article\/2016\/02\/11\/les-ondes-gravitationnelles-detectees-un-siecle-apres-avoir-ete-predites_4863745_1650684.html\">https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/sciences\/article\/2016\/02\/11\/les-ondes-gravitationnelles-detectees-un-siecle-apres-avoir-ete-predites_4863745_1650684.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.ign.com\/science-2\/55377\/news\/des-scientifiques-observent-larriere-dun-trou-noir-pour-la-premiere-fois-prouvant-la-theorie-de-la-r\">https:\/\/fr.ign.com\/science-2\/55377\/news\/des-scientifiques-observent-larriere-dun-trou-noir-pour-la-premiere-fois-prouvant-la-theorie-de-la-r<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaac_Newton\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Isaac_Newton<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Einstein\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Albert_Einstein<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karl_Schwarzschild\">https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karl_Schwarzschild<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.leparisien.fr\/sciences\/voici-la-premiere-image-du-trou-noir-au-centre-de-la-voix-lactee-12-05-2022-PW6UUYASYRBE3H7EILGK6RYZ3U.php\">https:\/\/www.leparisien.fr\/sciences\/voici-la-premiere-image-du-trou-noir-au-centre-de-la-voix-lactee-12-05-2022-PW6UUYASYRBE3H7EILGK6RYZ3U.php<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.techno-science.net\/definition\/8076.html\">https:\/\/www.techno-science.net\/definition\/8076.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencesetavenir.fr\/espace\/exploration\/audio-la-nasa-a-reussi-a-capturer-des-ondes-sonores-provenant-d-un-trou-noir-supermassif_163642\">https:\/\/www.sciencesetavenir.fr\/espace\/exploration\/audio-la-nasa-a-reussi-a-capturer-des-ondes-sonores-provenant-d-un-trou-noir-supermassif_163642<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/sciences\/article\/2024\/02\/21\/decouverte-d-un-trou-noir-qui-mange-l-equivalent-d-un-soleil-par-jour_6217743_1650684.html\">https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/sciences\/article\/2024\/02\/21\/decouverte-d-un-trou-noir-qui-mange-l-equivalent-d-un-soleil-par-jour_6217743_1650684.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/CAT4-3-Le-mystA\u00a8re-des-trous-noirs-correction.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"735\" height=\"735\" src=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/pjiece_jointe-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4366\" style=\"width:285px;height:285px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/pjiece_jointe-1.png 735w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/pjiece_jointe-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/pjiece_jointe-1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/pjiece_jointe-1-520x520.png 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 735px) 100vw, 735px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Depuis l&rsquo;\u00e9nonc\u00e9 de la th\u00e9orie de myst\u00e9rieux trous noirs dans l&rsquo;Espace en 1939, ces derniers suscitent la curiosit\u00e9 et de folles hypoth\u00e8ses. Pour mieux comprendre cet engouement, remontons le temps : 2022 : Premi\u00e8re sonification<a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/index.php\/2022\/10\/02\/le-mystere-des-trous-noirs\/\">Continue reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7644,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7605","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-parcours-sciences"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7605","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7605"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7605\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7644"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7605"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7605"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.evoluscience.fr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7605"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}